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The use of genetic methods in agriculture has raised great hopes for global food and for the development of new drugs. However, risks may be associated with the release of genetically modified organisms into the environment. That is why, in 2000, the parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) agreed on a supplementary agreement on biosafety (Cartagena Protocol). It entered into force in September 2003. In order to encourage scientific cooperation between the parties to the CBD, a clearing house (BGM) mechanism has been set up: the BGM is an information and communication system for the exchange of biodiversity data. In order to develop an IEA model for biodiversity preservation, we envision a two-stage cartel game with n countries. In the first phase of the game, it is the countries that decide whether or not to join the IEA. Those who join form an S coalition composed of signatories. Those who remain outside the coalition(s) are non-signatories or singles.
In the second phase of the game, the signatories coordinate their actions to maximize their net collective benefit. Conversely, non-signatories maximize their individual payments. The Barretts (1994) emission reduction model is a common payment specification for country i, in which b and c are cost parameters: the first feature we insert into our IEA model for biodiversity preservation is the specification of a hyperbolic cost function. This specification is essential in the case of biodiversity, as countries have specific biodiversity equipment that can be preserved within their borders. As noted above, we use a species census as a pragmatic approach to biodiversity measurement in this article (see Weikard 2002). We define global biodiversity protection as the total number of species conserved in the world. Note that with this definition, global nature protection is not simply the sum of the conservation of certain countries. We must take into account that some species are preserved jointly in two or more countries (Weitzman 1998). For example, if the species is preserved in country I and country J, the species should only be counted once for global biodiversity. That is why our proposal is to use a subadditive global conservation function.. . .
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